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How Are Mortgage Payments Calculated?

2026-08-23 8 min read Mortgage Calculator editorial team

Quick Answer: A fixed-rate mortgage payment for principal and interest is not “loan divided by months.” Early payments are mostly interest. The formula levels the total P&I so it stays constant while the mix shifts toward principal.

Run these numbers

Loan inputs
Loan term

Estimated monthly payment

$2,222

$1,770 principal and interest

  • Loan amount$280,000
  • Property tax$350
  • Insurance$102
  • None$0

A fixed-rate mortgage payment for principal and interest is not “loan divided by months.” Early payments are mostly interest. The formula levels the total P&I so it stays constant while the mix shifts toward principal.

The P&I formula

M = P × [r(1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n − 1]. P is the loan, r is annual rate/12, n is the number of payments. For $280,000 at 6.5% for 30 years, r = 0.065/12, n = 360, M ≈ $1,770. We use this in every conventional calculator on this site. Details: methodology.

Then add escrow and insurance products

Monthly tax = price × tax rate / 12. Monthly homeowners insurance = price × insurance rate / 12. PMI depends on LTV bands in our model. FHA adds MIP; VA may add a financed funding fee and no PMI.

Worked example

$350,000 price, $70,000 down, $280,000 loan, 6.5%, 360 payments. P&I ≈ $1,770. Tax 1.2% ≈ $350. Insurance 0.35% ≈ $102. PMI $0. Total ≈ $2,222. Change the rate in the calculator at the top to see M move. Educational only.

M

Mortgage Calculator editorial team

Organization byline. Pages are editorially reviewed; we do not invent CFA/CFP credentials or user-count testimonials. Formulas are documented on the methodology page.

How Are Mortgage Payments Calculated? - Common Questions

Because interest accrues on the remaining balance. Level P&I is calculated so the loan reaches zero at term.
That is normal amortization. The interest share falls as the balance falls.